Radiotherapy is an important and well integrated part in modern treatment concepts for cancer of the lung and pleura. Thanks to technical progress in the last years radiotherapy has managed to prove its role in all stages of lung cancers and has opened a spectrum of new treatment options. Stereotactic radiotherapy of the early NSCLC has become the standard treatment for radically inoperable patients. It provides better local control rates than traditional conventionally fractionated radiotherapy. In stage III NSCLC, simultaneous radiochemotherapy is an effective option with equal results compared to surgery. The standard treatment for limited disease SCLC is primary simultaneous radiochemotherapy. All patients with good response after primary treatment profit from prophylactic cranial irradiation. Adjuvant radiotherapy is a component of the trimodal treatment for curative approaches in patients with pleura mesothelioma. Palliative radiotherapy is the standard treatment for brain metastases, bone metastases and compression or obstruction from thoracal tumour mass.