A transcriptional rheostat couples past activity to future sensory responses

Cell. 2021 Dec 22;184(26):6326-6343.e32. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.11.022. Epub 2021 Dec 7.

Abstract

Animals traversing different environments encounter both stable background stimuli and novel cues, which are thought to be detected by primary sensory neurons and then distinguished by downstream brain circuits. Here, we show that each of the ∼1,000 olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) subtypes in the mouse harbors a distinct transcriptome whose content is precisely determined by interactions between its odorant receptor and the environment. This transcriptional variation is systematically organized to support sensory adaptation: expression levels of more than 70 genes relevant to transforming odors into spikes continuously vary across OSN subtypes, dynamically adjust to new environments over hours, and accurately predict acute OSN-specific odor responses. The sensory periphery therefore separates salient signals from predictable background via a transcriptional rheostat whose moment-to-moment state reflects the past and constrains the future; these findings suggest a general model in which structured transcriptional variation within a cell type reflects individual experience.

Keywords: Act-seq; adaptation; functional imaging; gene expression programs; homeostasis; odor coding; odorant receptor; olfaction; sensory neurons; single-cell RNA sequencing; transcription.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Brain / metabolism
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Odorants
  • Olfactory Bulb / metabolism
  • Olfactory Receptor Neurons / metabolism*
  • Receptors, Odorant / metabolism
  • Sensation / genetics*
  • Transcription, Genetic*
  • Transcriptome / genetics

Substances

  • Receptors, Odorant