Dental implant therapy has dramatically expanded the treatment options available for both the partially and completely edentulous patient. Advances in the use of dental implants have necessitated the inclusion of additional diagnostic procedures in the treatment planning process to optimize the site and angulation of fixtures and, consequently, the success of prosthetic restorations. One of these procedures is computerized tomography. Originally introduced as a medical diagnostic technique, it has been adapted for many uses in dentistry. This article reviews the role of computerized tomography in dental implantology. Its advantages, disadvantages, and indications are presented.