An empirical typology of narcissism and mental health in late adolescence

J Adolesc. 2006 Feb;29(1):53-71. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.01.008. Epub 2005 Mar 5.

Abstract

A two-step cluster analytic strategy was used in two studies to identify an empirically derived typology of narcissism in late adolescence. In Study 1, late adolescents (N=204) responded to the profile of narcissistic dispositions and measures of grandiosity ("superiority") and idealization ("goal instability") inspired by Kohut's theory, along with several College Adjustment Scales and a measure of pathology of separation-individuation. Cluster analysis revealed three clusters: covert narcissists (N=71), moderate narcissists (N=55) and overt narcissists (N=74). Moderate narcissists had significantly lower means scores on indices of anxiety, relationship problem, depression, esteem- and family problems and pathology of separation-individuation. The overt and covert clusters showed comparable levels of dysfunction on most indices of adjustment. This general pattern was replicated in Study 2 (N=210). Moderate narcissists showed a uniform profile of good adjustment, whereas covert and overt narcissist clusters showed a pervasive pattern of dysfunction. Results support the claim that narcissism has "two faces" and that a moderate degree of narcissism is associated with fewer adjustment problems or psychological symptoms. Directions for future research are discussed.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Cluster Analysis
  • Female
  • Humans
  • MMPI
  • Male
  • Mental Disorders / diagnosis
  • Mental Disorders / epidemiology*
  • Narcissism*
  • Self Concept
  • Social Adjustment
  • Surveys and Questionnaires