Most antibiotic-resistant bacteria are opportunistic pathogens; they colonize the skin and mucosal surfaces and only cause infection when the opportunity arises. Thus, the processes that lead to an infection attributable to antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be broadly divided into those processes that lead to acquisition of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and those that lead to the development of an infection with that organism. We review the processes that lead to the development of infections attributable to antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We then discuss options that may become available to interrupt these processes and, thus, may reduce the rate of infections attributable to antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the future.