Transcripts from several genes encoded in the Trypanosoma brucei maxicircle genome are altered by posttranscriptional uridine insertion and deletion through a process called RNA editing. We find that transcripts from the CR6 gene are extensively edited by addition of 132 uridines and deletion of 28 uridines to produce a fully edited mRNA 47% larger than unedited mRNA. Two open reading frames (ORFs) and their initiation and termination codons are created by editing of CR6 mRNA. Both ORFs specify small, hydrophobic proteins with no homology to proteins in three databases. Both unedited and edited CR6 transcripts are more abundant in bloodstream form than in procyclic form parasites. cDNA clones spanning both CR6 and the downstream NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) gene were isolated, indicating that mature CR6 and ND5 transcripts arise from a common precursor. Sequencing of these cDNAs revealed 37 nucleotides of overlap between the 3' end of CR6 and the 5' end of ND5. In addition, the CR6 portion of many of these molecules was extensively edited, indicating that RNA editing can precede precursor processing. These results provide the first clear demonstration of polycistronic transcription of maxicircle genes, and suggest new mechanisms by which both RNA editing and precursor processing may regulate maxicircle gene expression.