To examine the association between maternal characteristics and care patterns and the subsequent utilization of well-child visits in a low income population in New York State (NYS). We analyzed Medicaid managed care birth data from 2004 to 2005 linked to an administrative database to obtain information on preventive well-care visits for the child. The outcome variable was whether the child had five or more well-child visits (WCVs) in their first 15 months of life. Of the 101,461 children in this study 67% had received five or more well-child visits by 15 months of age. This varied by region with a lesser proportion of children receiving well-child visits in New York City (NYC) and a higher proportion in the rest-of-state. Children born to mothers with intensive and adequate prenatal care were significantly more likely to have the necessary well-child visits. Foreign born women were more likely than US born women to bring their children in for well-child visits across all racial and ethnic groups. This study indicated that women who received adequate prenatal care were more likely to bring their children to well-child visits even after adjusting for maternal and infant characteristics. Maternal birthplace modified the association between race and well-child visits. The black-white disparity typically seen in WCVs in the United States was not found in NYC among children of US born women in Medicaid managed care.