Exploring the influence of gender-role socialization and objectified body consciousness on body image disturbance in breast cancer survivors

Psychooncology. 2013 Oct;22(10):2177-85. doi: 10.1002/pon.3271. Epub 2013 Mar 20.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationships between gender-role socialization, objectified body consciousness and quality of life in breast cancer (BC) survivors with body image (BI) disturbance post-treatment.

Methods: A total of 150 BC survivors participating in an ongoing randomized clinical trial of a group psychotherapy intervention for BI-related concerns completed a baseline battery of standardized measures including the following: Body Image Scale (BIS), Body Image after Breast Cancer Questionnaire (BIBCQ), Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS) measuring Body Shame and Surveillance, Gender-Role Socialization Scale (GRSS) measuring internalization of traditional gender roles and attitudes and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Quality-of-Life Instrument (FACT-B). Correlational analyses were conducted between the two BI questionnaires, the two primary psychosocial variables GRSS and OBCS, and FACT-B. Path analysis was conducted on a proposed theoretical model delineating pathways between the two primary psychosocial variables and BI disturbance.

Results: Significant positive correlations were found between the two BI scales and (a) GRSS (average r = 0.53, p < 0.000), (b) Body Shame (average r = 0.53, p < 0.000) and Surveillance (average r = 0.48, p < 0.000). The BIS and BIBCQ were negatively associated with the FACT-B (r = -0.62, -0.73, respectively; p < 0.000). Results from the path analysis demonstrated support for the proposed model.

Conclusion: Breast cancer survivors who endorsed greater internalization of traditional gender roles and attitudes, who engaged in greater self-surveillance and experienced greater body shame, reported greater BI disturbance and poorer quality of life post-treatment. Women with these predispositions are likely to be more vulnerable for psychological distress and may experience poorer adjustment after BC treatment.

Keywords: breast cancer; gender‐role socialization; objectified body consciousness; oncology; quality of life.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Attitude
  • Body Dysmorphic Disorders / psychology*
  • Body Image / psychology*
  • Breast Neoplasms / psychology*
  • Breast Neoplasms / therapy
  • Carcinoma / psychology*
  • Carcinoma / therapy
  • Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
  • Evaluation Studies as Topic
  • Female
  • Femininity
  • Gender Identity*
  • Humans
  • Mammaplasty / psychology
  • Mastectomy / psychology*
  • Mastectomy, Segmental / psychology
  • Middle Aged
  • Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
  • Socialization*
  • Survivors / psychology*