A 38-year-old white man had a 10-year history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (A3), with no episodes of opportunistic diseases and in good immunologic recovery (CD4 cell count: 450 and indetectable HIV viral load) while on HAART. He presented with a two-month history of mild anal symptoms, including pruritus and episodic bleeding. He referred past episodes of anal warts, self-treated with several topical compounds, all proven unsuccessful. Perianal examination showed erythema and scratching. A 0.5cm sized tumor, with infiltration at the base was detected on digital exam, located at 15mm from the anal margin. Local biopsy driven by high-resolution anuscopy (AAR) yielded a final diagnosis of infiltrative epidermoid carcinoma. Might that neoplasia have been prevented?
Keywords: Anal carcinoma; Anoscopia; Anoscopy; Carcinoma anal; Citology; Citología; Cribado; Diagnosis; Diagnóstico; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human papilloma virus; Intraepithelial neoplasia; Neoplasia intraepitelial; Screening; Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana; Virus del papiloma humano.
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