Purpose of review: Young women in sub-Saharan Africa bear a disproportionate HIV burden. They urgently require new HIV prevention approaches that they can use. This review provides an overview of the use of antiretrovirals for HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), highlighting some of the challenges with this technology and explores the potential role of mAbs for HIV prevention in women.
Recent findings: Recent findings on the initial steps in viral entry and establishment of a productive local infectious nidus in the vaginal epithelium has provided important clues for HIV prevention in the female genital tract. Topical and oral formulations of antiretroviral drugs have been shown to prevent HIV infection in women with varying levels of success, depending principally on adherence. Further, several new broad and potent mAbs have been isolated over the last 5 years. Nonhuman primate studies demonstrate that broadly neutralizing HIV mAbs can protect rhesus macaques from simian immunodeficiency virus-HIV chimera (SHIV) infection. These findings have created newfound enthusiasm for passive immunization as a potential prevention strategy for women.
Summary: If potent broadly neutralizing mAbs are effective in preventing HIV infection in women, this outcome could fill an important gap in HIV prevention technologies for young women, especially in Africa.