Gastrointestinal Bleeding during Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Support is Associated with Lower Rates of Cardiac Transplantation

ASAIO J. 2015 Nov-Dec;61(6):635-9. doi: 10.1097/MAT.0000000000000279.

Abstract

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) remains a significant problem after continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) implantation. We hypothesized that the subsequent need for blood transfusions in patients with GIB may reduce rates of cardiac transplantation. We performed a retrospective review of 232 patients implanted with the HeartMate II (HM II) CF-LVAD from June 2005 through May 2013 at our center to determine risk factors for GIB and assess its effect on cardiac transplantation. Over a total LVAD follow-up time of 364 person-years, 62 GIB episodes occurred in 49 patients (27%), for an event rate of 0.45 gastrointestinal bleeds/patient-year of LVAD support. Women made up 15% of our cohort, yet contributed 29% of the GIB (p = 0.06). Survival at 6 month, 1 year, and 2 years was not statistically different in patients who developed GIB and those who did not (77% vs 78%, 74% vs 71%, and 61% vs 54%, respectively). In transplant-eligible patients, GIB was associated with a 27% lower rate of cardiac transplantation (rate ratio 0.73, p < 0.05). Although the mechanism behind this finding is unclear, GIB appears to be linked to higher transfusion rates, which may cause the development of subsequent allosensitization.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Anticoagulants / adverse effects
  • Female
  • Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / etiology
  • Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / therapy*
  • Heart Failure / surgery
  • Heart Transplantation*
  • Heart-Assist Devices* / adverse effects
  • Hematologic Agents / adverse effects*
  • Histocompatibility*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / adverse effects
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Transfusion Reaction*

Substances

  • Anticoagulants
  • Hematologic Agents
  • Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors