Background: The debate regarding the merits of routine use of intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) continues to rage. We aim to analyze the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database to identify patterns of utilization of cholangiography during LC as well as its impact on patient outcomes.
Study design: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing LC with or without IOC in the 2012 and 2013 ACS NSQIP database. Only patients without any preoperative biochemical evidence of the CBD stone were included in the analysis. Comparison between two groups and data analysis focused on the following primary outcomes: 30-day mortality, readmission, return to operating room and NSQIP collected morbidity.
Results: Twenty-one percentage of patients undergoing LC without any biochemical abnormality are undergoing IOC. There were no statistically significant differences in thirty-day outcomes between two patient populations with regard to mortality, morbidity, cardiac, central nervous system, wound, deep vein thrombosis, sepsis, respiratory and urinary tract complications. Patients undergoing LC plus IOC were found to have statistically significant reduction in the rate of readmission related to the first operation (adjusted odds ratio 0.80, 95 % CI 0.70-0.92; P value = 0.002). Readmissions related to biliary complications including retained CBD following cholecystectomy were 1.61 times more likely in patients who underwent LC without cholangiography.
Conclusion: The use of IOC at the time of LC appears to be associated with a statistically significant decrease in re-admission rates, especially readmissions related to biliary complications.
Keywords: Bile duct injury; Common bile duct stones; Intraoperative cholangiography; Laparoscopic cholecystectomy.