A Population Intervention to Improve Outcomes in Children With Medical Complexity

Pediatrics. 2017 Jan;139(1):e20153076. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-3076. Epub 2016 Dec 1.

Abstract

Background and objectives: Children with medical complexity experience frequent interactions with the medical system and often receive care that is costly, duplicative, and inefficient. The growth of value-based contracting creates incentives for systems to improve their care. This project was designed to improve the health, health care value, and utilization for a population-based cohort of children with neurologic impairment and feeding tubes.

Methods: A freestanding children's hospital and affiliated accountable care organization jointly developed a quality improvement initiative. Children with a percutaneous feeding tube, a neurologic diagnosis, and Medicaid, were targeted for intervention within a catchment area of >300 000 children receiving Medicaid. Initiatives included standardizing feeding tube management, improving family education, and implementing a care coordination program.

Results: Between January 2011 and December 2014, there was an 18.0% decrease (P < .001) in admissions and a 31.9% decrease (P < .001) in the average length of stay for children in the cohort. Total inpatient charges were reduced by $11 764 856. There was an 8.2% increase (P < .001) in the percentage of children with weights between the fifth and 95th percentiles. The care coordination program enrolled 58.3% of the cohort.

Conclusions: This population-based initiative to improve the care of children with medical complexity showed promising results, including a reduction in charges while improving weight status and implementing a care coordination program. A concerted institutional initiative, in the context of an accountable care organization, can be part of the solution for improving outcomes and health care value for children with medical complexity.

MeSH terms

  • Accountable Care Organizations / economics
  • Accountable Care Organizations / organization & administration*
  • Adolescent
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Cohort Studies
  • Contract Services / economics
  • Contract Services / organization & administration*
  • Cost Savings / economics
  • Enteral Nutrition* / economics
  • Female
  • Hospitals, Pediatric / economics
  • Hospitals, Pediatric / organization & administration
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Interdisciplinary Communication
  • Intersectoral Collaboration
  • Length of Stay / economics
  • Male
  • Managed Care Programs / economics
  • Managed Care Programs / organization & administration
  • Medicaid / economics
  • Medicaid / organization & administration*
  • Nervous System Diseases / economics
  • Nervous System Diseases / therapy*
  • Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care*
  • Patient Admission / economics
  • Quality Improvement / economics
  • Quality Improvement / organization & administration*
  • United States
  • Value-Based Health Insurance / economics
  • Value-Based Health Insurance / organization & administration*
  • Value-Based Purchasing / economics
  • Value-Based Purchasing / organization & administration*