1 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Section of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut; Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Health, New Haven, Connecticut. Electronic address: harlan.krumholz@yale.edu.
2 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.