Cardiovascular events, such as hospitalizations because of congestive heart failure, often occur repeatedly in patients with CKD. Many studies focus on analyses of the first occurrence of these events, and discard subsequent information. In this article, we review a number of statistical methods for analyzing ordered recurrent events of the same type, including Poisson regression and three commonly used survival models that are extensions of Cox proportional hazards regression. We illustrate the models by analyzing data from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study to identify risk factors for congestive heart failure hospitalizations in patients with CKD. We show that recurrent event analyses provide additional insights about the data compared with a standard survival analysis of time to the first event.
Keywords: Chronic; Cohort Studies; Cox proportional hazards model; Humans; Poisson regression; Renal Insufficiency; Survival Analysis; chronic kidney disease; heart failure; hospitalization; recurrent event; risk factors.
Copyright © 2017 by the American Society of Nephrology.