Purpose: Palliative care improves symptom burden, distress, patient and family satisfaction, and survival for patients with cancer. Oncology professional societies endorse the integration of palliative care into routine care for patients with advanced cancers. Despite this, cultural differences between medical subspecialties and the limited number of clinicians trained in palliative care lower the adoption of integrated care models. We assessed oncologists' and palliative care clinicians' perceptions about integrating oncology and palliative care using a nurse delivering palliative care to patients newly diagnosed with lung cancer.
Methods: We conducted semistructured telephone interviews with 7 oncology clinicians and 12 palliative care clinicians purposively sampled across 6 geographically diverse Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers (VAs). Oncologists were asked about their perspectives and experiences with consulting palliative care services. Palliative care clinicians were asked about their experiences with receiving consultations from subspecialties. Both were asked about utilizing a registered nurse to deliver telephone-based palliative care to patients newly diagnosed with lung cancer. Interviews were analyzed using traditional content analysis approaches.
Results: We identified 2 main themes: (1) tensions, differences, and mistrust between services occur in the least integrated teams and (2) open communication, sharing common goals, and promoting oncology "buy in" build trust and foster collaboration between teams. Clinicians described qualities important to possess to promote successful adoption of a nurse-led model of palliative care.
Conclusions: Integration between oncology and palliative care among the 6 VA medical centers varies considerably. Nurses delivering palliative care embedded in oncology teams may facilitate the integration of these subspecialties.
Keywords: health care team; integration; nurse role; oncology; palliative care; qualitative research.