Management of Acute Changes in Condition in Skilled Nursing Facilities

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the presentation and management of acute changes in condition in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) during implementation of a program designed to reduce unnecessary emergency department visits and hospitalizations.

Design: Secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial involving 264 SNFs.

Participants: One hundred thirty-three of the 264 participating SNFs that provided data on acute changes in condition: 55 in the intervention group, 78 in the control group.

Interventions: During a 12-month period, intervention SNFs received training and support for implementation of the Interventions to Reduce Acute Care Transfers program. Control SNFs were offered training and implementation support after the end of the 12-month trial.

Measures: Project champions used a structured online tool to describe acute changes in condition that did not result in a hospital transfer within 72 hours of the change.

Results: Most of the 7,689 episodes of acute change in condition reported involved multiple changes that were not disease specific. Ten percent resulted in hospital transfer between 72 hours and 7 days after the change. Five acute changes had odds ratios for transfer greater than 2 (mental status change, abnormal vital signs, bleeding, shortness of breath, and unresponsiveness). Most transfers were for reasons other than the initial change in condition.

Conclusions: A wide variety of acute changes in condition can be managed in SNFs without hospital transfer. Most of these changes are nonspecific and multiple, and when they are associated with hospital transfer, the reasons for the transfer are most often different from the initial acute change in condition. These data highlight the multifactorial nature of acute changes in condition in the SNF population and suggest that disease-specific protocols and assessment tools may not be the most appropriate approach to managing acute changes in condition in the SNF setting. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2259-2266, 2018.

Keywords: acute change in condition; skilled nursing facilities.