Distal radius fractures are one of the most common fractures patients experience. Although there are a variety of treatments, there is a lack of standardization as it relates to treatment of such fractures. The purpose of this study was to compare treatment outcomes between surgical and nonsurgical care of distal radius fractures to inform evidence-based guidelines for the management of distal radius fractures. A retrospective chart analysis was performed in the public university hospital setting on a sample of 60 patient health records divided equally into those treated surgically and nonsurgically. Data were analyzed related to specific variables in those patients who met specific inclusion/exclusion criteria. Analysis identified that patients treated surgically experienced improved healing and return of range of motion. There was no statistical significance comparing pain in both the surgical and nonsurgical groups. Diabetes and smoking were found to have a negative impact on healing and clinical outcomes. Despite limitations, this pilot project serves as a baseline for future research regarding best practices in the treatment of distal radius fractures. It also demonstrates the negative impact that diabetes and smoking can have on clinical outcomes.