Background: Symptoms of heart failure markedly impair a patient's health status. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of health status in a sample of racially and ethnically diverse patients with heart failure using a web-based mobile health application, mi.Symptoms.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at an urban academic medical center. Patients with heart failure self-reported symptoms using validated symptom instruments (e.g. patient-reported outcome measurement information system) by way of the mobile health application, mi.Symptoms. The primary study outcome was health status, measured with the Kansas City cardiomyopathy questionnaire clinical summary score. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression.
Results: The mean age of the sample ( n=168) was 58.7 (±12.5) years, 37% were women, 36% were Black, 36% identified as Hispanic/Latino, 48% were classified as New York Heart Association class III, and 44% reported not having enough income to make ends meet. Predictors of better health status in heart failure included higher physical function ( β=0.89, p=0.001) and ability to participate in social roles and activities ( β=0.58, p=0.002), and predictors of poorer health status were New York Heart Association class IV ( β=-11.68, p=0.006) and dyspnea ( β=-0.77, p<0.001). The predictors accounted for 73% of the variance in health status.
Conclusion: Patient-centered interventions should focus on modifiable risk factors that reduce dyspnea, improve functional status, and enhance engagement in social roles to improve the health status of patients with heart failure.
Keywords: Heart failure; health status; mobile health; physical function; social participation; symptoms.