Key performance gaps of practicing anesthesiologists: how they contribute to hazards in anesthesiology and proposals for addressing them

Affiliations

• ¹ Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
• ² Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey.
• ³ Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
• ⁴ VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.
• ⁵ Research and Data Resources, Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
• ⁶ Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
• ⁷ Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
• ⁸ UCLA Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
• ⁹ Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
• ¹⁰ Department of Anesthesiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, North-Western University, Chicago, Illinois.
• ¹¹ University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the Winter Institute for Simulation Education and Research (WISER), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
• ¹² Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
• ¹³ Center for Research and Innovation in Systems Safety, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
• ¹⁴ Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee.
• ¹⁵ University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico.