HCV infection represented a foremost communal health trouble and Egypt has the largest epidemic of HCV in the world with prevalence of 14.7% for HCV antibody and 9.8% HCV-RNA. Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule participated in inhibiting of microbial diseases. Pro-inflammatory stimuli can trigger resting cells to produce inducible nitric oxide synthase ((iNOS) also referred to as (NOS2), which is very crucial for host response to contagious agents. NOS2A gene haplotypes has been associated with a number of diseases. This study aimed to assess the relation between NOS2A gene haplotypes and HCV treatment response in pegylated interferon alpha /ribavirin (PEG-IFN /RBV) in chronic HCV patients (CHC) in an attempt to find a predictor biomarker to detect poor responders to therapy. DNA was extracted from blood samples and subjected to detection of NOS2A gene haplotypes using real time PCR. Non-responder patients showed statistically significant higher percentages of unclassified haplotypes than responder patients (85.7% versus 58.6%, respectively) (P < 0.0001) and of haplotypes 4 and 5 (GTT and ATC) than non-responder patients (25.7% and 14.3% versus 0% and 0%, respectively) (P < 0.0001). The NOS2A gene haplotypes were not associated with response to PEG-IFN /RBV at 12th week Early Virological Response (EVR). In conclusion, NOS2A gene haplotypes are not considered predictors of response to PEG-IFN /RBV treatment. Further studies are required to elucidate predictor markers.
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