Pain Management in Home Health Care: Relationship With Dementia and Facility Admissions

Abstract

Background: Pain is common yet under-studied among older Medicare home health (HH) patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).

Aims: Examine (1) the association between ADRD and severe pain in Medicare HH patients; and (2) the impact of severe pain and ADRD on unplanned facility admissions in this population.

Design: Analysis of the Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) and Medicare claims data.

Settings/participants: 6,153 patients ≥65 years receiving care from a nonprofit HH agency in 2017.

Methods: Study outcomes included presence of severe pain and time-to-event measures of unplanned facility admissions (hospital, nursing home, or rehabilitation facilities). ADRD was identified using ICD-10 diagnosis codes and cognitive impairment symptoms. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine, respectively, the association between ADRD and severe pain, and the independent and interaction effects of severe pain and ADRD on unplanned facility admission.

Results: Patients with ADRD (n = 1,525, 24.8%) were less likely to have recorded severe pain than others (16.4% vs. 23.6%, p < .001). Adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, mental and physical functional status, and use of HH services, having severe pain was related to a 35% increase (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.35, p = .002) in the risk of unplanned facility admission, but the increase in such risk was the same whether or not the patient had ADRD.

Conclusions: HH patients with ADRD may have under-recognized pain. Severe pain is a significant independent predictor of unplanned facility admissions among HH patients.