1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
2 Infectious Diseases Section, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
3 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA. Electronic address: nagham@uw.edu.