Feeding oxidized chicken byproduct meal impacts digestibility more than performance and oxidative status in nursery pigs

Abstract

Rendered products from the meat industry provide quality proteins in diets for companion animals. These proteins are exposed to extreme temperatures during processing leading to the potential for decreased diet digestibility and subsequent growth performance. While this would impact production efficiency in livestock species, oxidized ingredients in companion animal diets may impact health and longevity. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which a feedstuff containing oxidized protein and lipid affect diet digestibility, growth performance, and oxidative stress in nursery pigs. A total of 56 male pigs (21 d of age, initial body weight 5.51 ± 0.65 kg) were randomly assigned to one of the four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two levels of heat and two levels of antioxidant (AOX). Diets were fed for 35 d and growth performance was measured, while total tract digestibility and nitrogen (N) balance was determined during the trial on day 18-20. Blood plasma was collected on day 34 and jejunum, colon, and liver tissues were collected on day 35 to analyze for markers of oxidative stress. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was reduced in pigs fed diets without AOXs (P = 0.02). Additionally, pigs consuming diets containing heated chicken byproduct (CBP) meal had decreased gain:feed (GF; P = 0.02). There was an interaction between heat and AOX (P = 0.02) where heating CBP reduced N digestibility in the presence of an AOX but did not have an impact when AOX was not present. The removal of AOX resulted in reduced GE digestibility (P < 0.01). Dry matter (P < 0.01), ash (P < 0.01), and protein (P < 0.01) digestibility were reduced (P < 0.01) as a result of heating. Furthermore, heating (P =0.01) as well as absence of AOX (P =0.01) resulted in reduced digestible energy. No difference was detected in N retention suggesting that oxidation reduces digestibility but has no impact on N utilization. This is supported by the fact that systemic oxidative stress was not consistently affected by heating or AOX inclusion. These results suggest that feeding pigs CBP containing oxidized proteins and lipids did not induce oxidative stress. However, feeding young pigs CBP containing oxidized proteins and lipids did result in reduced energy and nutrient digestibility as well as negatively affected feed efficiency. Because CBP is commonly used in companion animal diets, it is reasonable to revisit their impacts on those species.

Keywords: digestibility; growth; lipid oxidation; oxidative stress; protein oxidation.