2 US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md.
3 Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass.
4 Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.
5 Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.
6 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
7 University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis.
8 University of Washington Department of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Benaroya Research Institute Systems Immunology Division, Seattle, Wash. Electronic address: maltman@benaroyaresearch.org.
Urban children who develop allergic sensitization and asthma have persistently elevated gene expression of the type 2 cytokines IL9, IL13, and IL31 in cockroach allergen stimulated PBMCs from age 2 through 7 years old.