Telehealth Use by Age and Race at a Single Academic Medical Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Cohort Study

J Med Internet Res. 2021 May 20;23(5):e23905. doi: 10.2196/23905.

Abstract

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, many ambulatory clinics transitioned to telehealth, but it remains unknown how this may have exacerbated inequitable access to care.

Objective: Given the potential barriers faced by different populations, we investigated whether telehealth use is consistent and equitable across age, race, and gender.

Methods: Our retrospective cohort study of outpatient visits was conducted between March 2 and June 10, 2020, compared with the same time period in 2019, at a single academic health center in Boston, Massachusetts. Visits were divided into in-person visits and telehealth visits and then compared by racial designation, gender, and age.

Results: At our academic medical center, using a retrospective cohort analysis of ambulatory care delivered between March 2 and June 10, 2020, we found that over half (57.6%) of all visits were telehealth visits, and both Black and White patients accessed telehealth more than Asian patients.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the rapid implementation of telehealth does not follow prior patterns of health care disparities.

Keywords: COVID-19; access; barrier; cohort; demographic; equity; equity of care; outpatient; telehealth.

MeSH terms

  • Academic Medical Centers / statistics & numerical data
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Boston / epidemiology
  • COVID-19 / epidemiology*
  • Cohort Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pandemics
  • Racial Groups / statistics & numerical data*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • SARS-CoV-2 / isolation & purification
  • Telemedicine / methods*
  • Young Adult