The impact of the gut microbiome on liver transplantation

Abstract

Purpose of review: Although gut dysbiosis can hasten disease progression in end-stage liver disease and contribute to disease severity, morbidity and mortality, its impact during and after transplant needs further study.

Recent findings: Changes in the microbiome are associated with hepatic decompensation. Immune homeostasis is further disrupted during transplant and with immunosuppressants required after transplant. There is increasing evidence of the role of microbiota in peri and posttransplant complications.

Summary: Although transplant is highly successful with acceptable survival rates, infections, rejection, disease recurrence and death remain important complications. Prognostication and interventions involving the gut microbiome could be beneficial.