Viral Modulation of the DNA Damage Response and Innate Immunity: Two Sides of the Same Coin

Andrew Lopez; Randilea Nichols Doyle; Carina Sandoval; Karly Nisson; Vivian Yang; Oliver I Fregoso

doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167327

Viral Modulation of the DNA Damage Response and Innate Immunity: Two Sides of the Same Coin

J Mol Biol. 2022 Mar 30;434(6):167327. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167327. Epub 2021 Oct 22.

Authors

Andrew Lopez¹, Randilea Nichols Doyle², Carina Sandoval¹, Karly Nisson¹, Vivian Yang¹, Oliver I Fregoso³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
² Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
³ Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: ofregoso@mednet.ucla.edu.

Abstract

The DDR consists of multiple pathways that sense, signal, and respond to anomalous DNA. To promote efficient replication, viruses have evolved to engage and even modulate the DDR. In this review, we will discuss a select set of diverse viruses and the range of mechanisms they evolved to interact with the DDR and some of the subsequent cellular consequences. There is a dichotomy in that the DDR can be both beneficial for viruses yet antiviral. We will also review the connection between the DDR and innate immunity. Previously believed to be disparate cellular functions, more recent research is emerging that links these processes. Furthermore, we will discuss some discrepancies in the literature that we propose can be remedied by utilizing more consistent DDR-focused assays. By doing so, we hope to obtain a much clearer understanding of how broadly these mechanisms and phenotypes are conserved among all viruses. This is crucial for human health since understanding how viruses manipulate the DDR presents an important and tractable target for antiviral therapies.

Keywords: DNA damage response; antiviral response; innate immunity; viral replication; viral-host interactions.

Publication types

Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

MeSH terms

Antiviral Agents / pharmacology
DNA Damage*
DNA Repair*
Humans
Immunity, Innate* / genetics
Virus Replication
Viruses* / drug effects
Viruses* / immunology

Substances

Antiviral Agents

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding