Lateral Internal sphincterotomy is still crucial to heal hypertonic chronic anal fissure and normalize the internal anal sphincter tone? Is V-en Y plastic a valuable alternative?

Ann Ital Chir. 2021:92:554-559.

Abstract

Introduction: The role of augmented internal anal sphincter (IAS) tone in the genesis of chronic anal fissure (CAF) is still unclear. Lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) is the most employed surgical procedure, aiming to reduce the IAS tone leaving a permanent anatomical alteration and it is burdened by high risk post-operative anal incontinence (AI). The aim of this work was to evaluate if the pre-operative manometric alterations of CAFs with hypertonic IAS would normalize after sphincter preserving surgical procedure.

Methods: We enrolled 108 consecutive patients affected by idiopathic and non-recurrent CAF undergone fissurectomy and anoplasty with V-Y cutaneous flap advancement and pharmacological sphincterotomy, matched with 54 healthy subject in a 1 to 2 ratio, and followed up for at least for 2 years. The goals were patient's complete healing, the evaluation of AI, recurrence rate and manometry parameters.

Results: All wounds healed within 40 days after surgery. We recorded 7 cases of recurrences healed with medical therapy. We recorded 3 "de novo" post-operative cases of AI all temporary and low grade. Pre-operative values of maximum resting pressure (MRP) and detection of ultraslow wave activity (USWA) were significantly higher than in the healthy control group, but both come back to be similar to those recorded in healthy subject after 24 months from the surgery.

Conclusion: The high healing rate without post-operative "de novo" AI cases with the normalization of manometric parameters suggest that fissurectomy and anoplasty with V-Y cutaneous advancement flap and pharmacological sphincterotomy is an adequate procedure for the treatment of CAF with IAS hypertonia.

Key words: Anal fissure, Anoplasty, Fissurectomy, Proctology, Sphincterotomy.

Il ruolo dell’aumento del tono dello sfintere anale interno nella patogenesi delle ragadi anali croniche (CAF) è a tutt’oggi dibattuto. La sfinterotomia laterale è la procedura chirurgica più frequentemente impiegata sebbene sia associata ad un incidenza di incontinenza anale postoperatoria del 14%. L’obbiettivo del nostro studio è quello di valutare, oltre alla guarigione delle CAF, se le alterazioni manometriche pre-operatorie nei pazienti affetti da CAF con ipertono sfinterico, si normalizzassero dopo asportazione della ragade e anoplastica con lembo mucocutaneo di scorrimento a V-Y nei pazienti con CAF. Sono stati studiati 108 pazienti affetti da CAF con ipertono. I risultati dello studio mostrano una guarigione di tutte le ferite entro 40 giorni dall’intervento chirurgico; sono stati osservati 7 casi di recidiva trattati efficacemente con terapia medica e 3 casi di incontinenza anale post-operatoria “de novo”, tutti temporanei e di lieve entità. La maximum resting pressure e la presenza di ultraslow wave activity pre-operatorie , a 24 mesi dall’intervento chirurgico, sono simili a quelle dei soggetti sani. L’alto tasso di guarigione in assenza di incontinenza anale post-operatoria permanente, e la normalizzazione dei valori manometrici, suggeriscono che quest’approccio “sphincter preserving” risulta valido per il trattamento delle ragadi anali croniche con ipertono sfinterico.

MeSH terms

  • Anal Canal / surgery
  • Chronic Disease
  • Fissure in Ano* / surgery
  • Humans
  • Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy*
  • Plastics
  • Prospective Studies
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Plastics