Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome and other diseases associated with thyamine deficiency

Abstract

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is the best known consequence of thiamine deficiency, frequently associated with patients with chronic and excessive alcohol consumption, but it can be produced by any cause that produces thiamine deficiency. The disease is underdiagnosed so it is essential to have a high clinical suspicion, mainly in patients who do not have alcohol consumption as a risk factor. For this, the diagnosis continues to be eminently clinical, with the difficulty of high clinical variability. Complementary tests are used to support the diagnosis and rule out other causes that can produce similar symptoms, with magnetic resonance imaging being the most cost-effective imaging test. Treatment is based on the administration of thiamine, which should be started early, and parenterally at the appropriate doses, in all patients with compatible symptoms, without waiting to confirm the diagnosis.

Keywords: Alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome; Beriberi; Beriberi’.; Deficiency; Déficit; Encefalopatía de Wernicke; Síndrome de Korsakoff; Thiamine; Tiamina; Wernicke's encephalopathy.