On 15–16 November 2021 the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) hosted a virtual workshop on DEAD/DEAH-box RNA helicases in health and disease. The goal of the workshop was to review current advances, and to identify knowledge gaps and future research directions for improving our understanding of the function of RNA helicases, and leveraging these molecules as molecular targets with translational potential.