1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. caitlin.ryus@yale.edu.
2 Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
3 VA HSR&D Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, & Policy/Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
4 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
5 Center for Healthcare Outcomes and Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
6 Taubman College of Architecture & Urban Planning, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
7 Health & Design Research Fellowship Program, Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.