Background and objective: The management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis are closely linked. HCC most often occurs in the background of cirrhosis and can also lead to decompensation of underlying liver disease. The treatment of complications of cirrhosis is important to help reduce morbidity and mortality and allow for expanded treatment options of HCC.
Methods: We searched PubMed using search terms for cirrhosis and HCC. From this search, we selected references which appeared to be primary studies preferentially within the last 5 years, although also included select landmark studies which have shaped guidelines and recommendations.
Key content and findings: The development of HCC and treatment of HCC can both cause decompensation of liver disease and worsening of liver function. For most patients, the development of HCC or progression of disease are the drivers of morbidity and mortality. However, it is important to closely monitor patients for complications of liver disease that develop either as a result of HCC or as a complication of HCC treatment, and this can have important implications on treatment options. Multidisciplinary team involvement including hepatologists, surgeons, radiologists, interventional radiologists, medical oncologists, and palliative care is essential in the care of patients with cirrhosis and HCC to help guide management decisions and treatment.
Conclusions: The management of cirrhosis and HCC are both complex and interrelated. Through a multidisciplinary team approach we can best treat the complications of cirrhosis, allow for expanded treatment options, and improve quality of life through symptom management.
Keywords: Cirrhosis; hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); treatment.