This study aimed to design hydrogel based films comprising hyaluronic acid (HA) to overcome limitations of currently used eye drops. Timolol-loaded crosslinked (X2) HA-based and bilayer (B2) (pHEMA/PVP-HA-based layers) films were designed and characterized. The films were transparent (UV, visual observation) with crosslinked (<80 %) films showing lower light transmittance than bilayer (>80 %) films. X2 showed significantly higher swelling capacity, tensile strength and elastic modulus (5491.6 %, 1539.8 Nmm-2, 1777.2 mPa) than B2 (1905.0 %, 170.0N mm-2, 67.3 mPa) respectively. However, X2 showed lower cumulative drug released and adhesive force (27.3 %, 6.2 N) than B2 (57.5 %, 8.6 N). UV sterilization did not significantly alter physical properties, while SEM and IR microscopy showed smooth surface morphology and homogeneous drug distribution. Timolol permeation (EpiCorneal™/porcine cornea) depended on the film matrix with erodible films showing similar permeation to commercial eyedrops. Drug permeation for porcine cornea (X2 = 549.0.2, B2 = 312.1 μgcm-2 h-1) was significantly faster than EpiCorneal™ (X2 = 55.2, B2 = 37.6 μgcm-2 h-1), but with a linear correlation between them. All the selected optimized films showed acceptable compatibility (MTT assay) with both HeLa cells and EpiCorneal™. In conclusion, crosslinked and bilayer HA based films showed ideal characteristics suitable for potential ocular drug delivery, though further work is required to further optimize these properties and confirm their efficacy including in vivo tests.
Keywords: EpiCorneal™; Glaucoma; Hyaluronic acid; Poly-hydroxyethyl methacrylate; Porcine cornea; Timolol.
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