Prognostic impact of variant histology in bladder cancer: Would early and aggressive treatment shift the paradigm?

Abstract

Introduction: Bladder cancer (BC) is an increasingly frequent malignancy worldwide. Several variant histologies (VH) have been described in BC with a distinct clinical behavior.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the prognostic impact of VH in BC, comparing its outcomes to pure urothelial carcinoma PUC in both non-muscle invasive (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive (MIBC) settings.

Methods: We included patients with primary BC, comparing those with VH with those with PUC, with an age and sex-matched proportion of 1:3, considering stage at diagnosis, recurrence-free, progression-free, and overall survival (OS). A total of 616 patients were included in the study, (460 UC and 151 VH).

Results: After first TURBT, MIBC was present in 99 (64.1%) of patients with VH, and 95 (20.6%) with UC (p<0.001). Concerning NMIBC, we observed higher rates of progression to MIBC amid patients with VH (p=0.009). Nodal involvement (p=0.020) and metastatic disease (p<0.001) were significantly higher within the VH group. A higher OS was observed among patients with NMIBC of PUC (p<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences of metastasis-free survival and OS between VH and UC groups within the MIBC setting.

Conclusion: We confirmed that VH presents a more aggressive clinical course compared to PUC. An earlier radical treatment within the NMIBC setting could increase the oncological outcomes of the VH patients.

Keywords: Cystectomy; Risk stratification; Urinary bladder neoplasms; Variant histology.