Cutoff value of the geniohyoid muscle mass to identify sarcopenic dysphagia by ultrasonography

Takashi Mori; Hidetaka Wakabayashi; Ichiro Fujishima; Risa Narabu; Akio Shimizu; Fumiko Oshima; Masataka Itoda; Sumito Ogawa; Tomohisa Ohno; Minoru Yamada; Kenjiro Kunieda; Takashi Shigematsu; Nami Ogawa; Shinta Nishioka; Kazuki Fukuma; Yukari Ishikawa; Yuto Saito; Japanese Working Group on Sarcopenic Dysphagia

doi:10.1007/s41999-024-00971-6

Cutoff value of the geniohyoid muscle mass to identify sarcopenic dysphagia by ultrasonography

Eur Geriatr Med. 2024 Apr 8. doi: 10.1007/s41999-024-00971-6. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Takashi Mori¹, Hidetaka Wakabayashi², Ichiro Fujishima³, Risa Narabu⁴, Akio Shimizu⁵, Fumiko Oshima⁶, Masataka Itoda⁷, Sumito Ogawa⁸, Tomohisa Ohno⁹, Minoru Yamada¹⁰, Kenjiro Kunieda^{3

11}, Takashi Shigematsu², Nami Ogawa¹², Shinta Nishioka¹³, Kazuki Fukuma¹⁴, Yukari Ishikawa¹⁵, Yuto Saito¹⁵; Japanese Working Group on Sarcopenic Dysphagia

Affiliations

¹ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Yatsuyamada 7-115, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan. tmori0117@yahoo.co.jp.
² Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
³ Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hamamatsu City Rehabilitation Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
⁴ Fukushima Medical Device Development Support Centre, Fukushima, Japan.
⁵ Department of Food and Health Science, Faculty of Health and Human Development, The University of Nagano, Nagano, Japan.
⁶ Department of Rehabilitation, Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Nagano, Japan.
⁷ Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka Dental University Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
⁸ Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
⁹ Department of Dentistry, Hamamatsu City Rehabilitation Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
¹⁰ Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan.
¹¹ Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
¹² Sakaue Dental Office, Tokyo, Japan.
¹³ Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Service, Nagasaki Rehabilitation Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
¹⁴ Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.
¹⁵ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Yatsuyamada 7-115, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan.

PMID: 38587613
DOI: 10.1007/s41999-024-00971-6

Abstract

Purpose: Determining the strength and area of the swallowing muscles is important in patients with sarcopenic dysphagia. Although the normative data on the strength of the swallowing muscles have been reported, those of the area of the geniohyoid muscle are poorly investigated. We investigated the cross-sectional area of the geniohyoid muscle in Japanese subjects without dysphagia using ultrasonography to determine the normative and cut-off values.

Methods: 142 subjects without dysphagia were included. The older group (age ≥ 65 years) included 36 (women 27/men 9) subjects, and the younger group (age ≤ 39 years) included 106 (women 54/men 52) subjects. The cross-sectional area of the geniohyoid muscle was measured by ultrasound. The mean of the younger group-2 standard deviation (SD) was calculated and used as a cut-off value for low swallowing muscle mass.

Results: The mean (SD) of the area of the geniohyoid muscle of each group was as follows: older women group 167.2 (32.6) mm², older men group 193.2 (49.5) mm², younger women group 247.3 (37.4) mm², younger men group 313.1 (59.2) mm². The mean 2SD of the geniohyoid muscle area in the younger women group was 172.5 mm² and in the younger men group 194.7 mm².

Conclusion: We found that the cut-off value of the ultrasonographic cross-sectional area of the geniohyoid muscle was 172.5 mm² for women and 194.7 mm² for men. These values could be used as cut-off values for the mass of the geniohyoid muscle to identify patients with sarcopenic dysphagia.

Keywords: Dysphagia; Geniohyoid muscle; Mass; Sarcopenia; Ultrasonography.