Characteristics and Practice Patterns of Non-certified Surgeons Treating Medicare Patients

Rebecca Moreci; Rebecca S Gates; John Luckoski; Kayla Marcotte; Cody L Mullens; Chia Chye Yee; Tanvi Gupta; Daniel Kendrick; Angela Thelen; Andrew E Krumm; Brian C George

doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000006298

Characteristics and Practice Patterns of Non-certified Surgeons Treating Medicare Patients

Ann Surg. 2024 Apr 12. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000006298. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Rebecca Moreci¹, Rebecca S Gates¹, John Luckoski², Kayla Marcotte^{1

3}, Cody L Mullens⁴, Chia Chye Yee¹, Tanvi Gupta¹, Daniel Kendrick⁵, Angela Thelen¹, Andrew E Krumm^{1

3}, Brian C George^{1

4}

Affiliations

¹ Center for Surgical Training and Research, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
² Department of Surgery, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH.
³ Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
⁴ Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
⁵ Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.

PMID: 38606552
DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000006298

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the patient characteristics and practice patterns of non-certified surgeons who treat Medicare patients in the United States.

Summary background data: While most surgeons in the United States are board-certified, non-certified surgeons are permitted to practice in many locations. At the same time, surgical workforce shortages threaten access to surgical care for many patients. It is possible that non-certified surgeons may be able to help fill these access gaps. However, little is known about the practice patterns of non-certified surgeons.

Methods: A 100% sample of Medicare claims data from 2014-2019 were used to identify practicing general surgeons. Surgeons were categorized as certified or non-certified in general surgery based on data from the American Board of Surgery. Surgeon practice patterns and patient characteristics were analyzed.

Results: A total of 2,097,206 patient cases were included in the study. These patients were treated by 16,076 surgeons, of which 6% were identified as non-certified surgeons. Compared to certified surgeons, non-certified surgeons were less frequently fellowship-trained (20.5% vs. 24.2%, P=0.008) and more likely to be a foreign medical graduate (14.5% vs. 9.2%, P<0.001). Non-certified surgeons were more frequently practicing in for-profit hospitals (21.2% vs. 14.2%, P<0.001) and critical access hospitals (2.2% vs. 1.3%, P<0.001), and were less likely to practice in a teaching hospital (63.2% vs. 72.4%, P<0.001). Compared to certified surgeons, non-certified surgeons treated more non-White patients (19.6% vs. 14%, P<0.001) as well as a higher percentage of patients in the two lowest socioeconomic status (SES) quintiles (36.2% vs. 29.2%, P<0.001). Operations related to emergency admissions were more common amongst non-certified surgeons (68.8% vs. 55.7%, P<0.001). There were no differences in gender or age of the patients treated by certified and non-certified surgeons.

Conclusion: For Medicare patients, non-certified surgeons treated more patients who are non-White, of lower SES, and in more rural, critical-access hospitals.