Platelet function testing: Update on determinant variables and permissive windows using a platelet-count-based device

Abstract

While there are various aspects of platelet biology that can be studied in the lab (i.e. adhesion, degranulation, integrin activation), the master test for platelet function is that which gives a measure of the platelet aggregation capacity upon stimulation with an agonist. Platelet function testing is necessary for the diagnosis of platelet disorders and the monitoring of patients receiving anti-platelet treatments. Furthermore, it becomes relevant in the quality control of platelet concentrates for transfusion purposes, especially considering the global concern about long term storage, other forms of storage (i.e. cryopreservation, lyophilization), and the impact of Pathogen Reduction Treatments (PRTs) on platelet performance upon transfusion. However, it has been acknowledged as technically difficult and demanding, since a fine platelet function test must be carried out under specific conditions. Still, there might be occasions that preclude the platelet function testing abiding to the gold standard requirements, thus, leaving us with the necessity to redefine which variables may condition or limit the analysis of platelet function testing. In the present manuscript, we test different variables (such as the anticoagulant used or the time elapsed since extraction) and the possibility to reconstitute blood prior to platelet function analysis. This study aims to provide windows of action at the diagnostics lab, especially when not all of the recommended procedures and conditions can be followed: for example, when a sample is sent from a long distance, when there is a limitation on blood extraction volume or when certain parameters (platelet count) preclude reliable test results.

Keywords: Anticoagulant; Platelet count; Platelet function testing; Platelet-count-based aggregation test; Storage; Temperature.