Investigating the Clinico-Demographic Characteristics of Dengue Fever and Its Seroprevalence at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India

Shefali Gupta; Akhalesh Shakya; Namita Mishra; Sana Islahi; Sweta Singh; Soumyabrata Nag; Arti Dwivedi; Mukesh Shukla; Somdatt Sen; Priyanka Dwivedi; Mayank Agarwal; Anirudh Mukherjee

doi:10.7759/cureus.57640

Investigating the Clinico-Demographic Characteristics of Dengue Fever and Its Seroprevalence at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India

Cureus. 2024 Apr 5;16(4):e57640. doi: 10.7759/cureus.57640. eCollection 2024 Apr.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, IND.
² Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, IND.
³ Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, IND.
⁴ Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, IND.
⁵ Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, IND.
⁶ Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, IND.
⁷ Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, IND.

Abstract

Background and objective Dengue virus (DENV) is a major global health threat, causing over 50,000 deaths annually. The state of Uttar Pradesh (UP) in India faces significant challenges due to the increasing number of dengue cases detected. This study aimed to assess DENV seropositivity in the Raebareli district of UP, to offer crucial insights into the region's effective control and management strategies. Materials and methods This study, after obtaining approval from the ethics committee, analyzed blood samples of individuals suspected of having dengue at a teaching hospital in rural UP between January and December 2022. To determine the disease's seroprevalence, both dengue NS1 antigen ELISA and dengue IgM Microlisa were conducted. Furthermore, RT-PCR was performed on NS1-positive samples to confirm the serotypes. The collected data were analyzed using Epi Info 7.0. Results Of the 589 suspected dengue cases, 86 (14.60%) tested positive for dengue NS1 and/or IgM. Our findings showed that males (n=330, 56.03%) and adolescents and young adults (n=301, 51.1%) from rural areas (n=523, 88.4%) were predominantly affected. Cases peaked post-monsoon, and platelet levels were notably low in NS1-positive cases. Dengue serotype 2 (DEN-2) was found in all RT-PCR-positive samples. Our results revealed a dengue seroprevalence of 14.60% (n=86), which peaked in post-monsoon months. The higher incidence among males and young adults from rural areas attending the outpatient department highlights the importance of targeted interventions and community surveillance. RT-PCR confirmed the circulation of a single serotype in the region. Conclusions This study contributes crucial insights into dengue's epidemiology and clinical profile and its findings are all the more significant now as India prepares for phase 3 trials of a quadrivalent dengue-virus vaccine in 2024. Adolescent and young adult males have an increased likelihood of acquiring the virus, and this demographic can be prioritized for vaccine trials.

Keywords: dengue ns1; dengue serotype; dengue virus serotype; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa); igm elisa; real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr).