Characteristics of a transgender and gender-diverse patient population in Utah: Use of electronic health records to advance clinical and health equity research

PLoS One. 2024 May 7;19(5):e0302895. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302895. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people, individuals whose gender identity differs from their sex assigned at birth, face unique challenges in accessing gender-affirming care and often experience disparities in a variety of health outcomes. Clinical research on TGD health is limited by a lack of standardization on how to best identify these individuals. The objective of this retrospective cohort analysis was to accurately identify and describe TGD adults and their use of gender-affirming care from 2003-2023 in a healthcare system in Utah, United States. International Classification of Disease (ICD)-9 and 10 codes and surgical procedure codes, along with sexual orientation and gender identity data were used to develop a dataset of 4,587 TGD adults. During this time frame, 2,985 adults received gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) and/or gender-affirming surgery (GAS) within one healthcare system. There was no significant difference in race or ethnicity between TGD adults who received GAHT and/or GAS compared to TGD adults who did not receive such care. TGD adults who received GAHT and/or GAS were more likely to have commercial insurance coverage, and adults from rural communities were underrepresented. Patients seeking estradiol-based GAHT tended to be older than those seeking testosterone-based GAHT. The first GAS occurred in 2013, and uptake of GAS have doubled since 2018. This study provides a methodology to identify and examine TGD patients in other health systems and offers insights into emerging trends and access to gender-affirming care.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Electronic Health Records* / statistics & numerical data
  • Female
  • Gender Identity
  • Health Equity*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sex Reassignment Surgery
  • Transgender Persons* / statistics & numerical data
  • Utah
  • Young Adult

Grants and funding

(ES and TH) This study was supported by the University of Utah Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Health Studies Fund, Research Pilot Award. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. (BZ) This study was partially supported by the National Institute of Health (NIH) National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Grant no. 1F30HL149327 https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.