Unpacking patient perspectives on social needs screening: A mixed methods study in western Colorado primary care practices

Abstract

Objective: Explore factors influencing patient comfort with and perceived helpfulness of screening for health-related social needs.

Methods: In a parallel secondary mixed-methods analysis of data from three primary care clinics, we used logistic regression to examine effects of practice- and patient-level factors on comfort with and perceived helpfulness of social needs screening. We applied narrative analysis to 20 patient interviews to further understand how patients' lived experiences influenced their perceptions of screening.

Results: Among 511 patients, receiving an explanation about screening was associated with increased odds of comfort (OR 2.1, 95% CI [1.1-4.30]) and perceived helpfulness (OR 4.7 [2.8-7.8]). Those experiencing more needs were less likely to report comfort (3 + needs vs. 0: OR 0.2 [0.1-0.5]). Narratives elucidated how a history of stigmatizing experiences increased discomfort disclosing needs and captured how relationship quality with healthcare teams influenced perceptions of screening for patients with extensive needs.

Conclusion: Practice-level (screening explanation and therapeutic rapport) and patient-level factors (history and extent of needs) are key influences on comfort with and perceived helpfulness of screening.

Practice implications: Good communication about screening benefits all patients. Patients with extensive social needs may require additional sensitivity to their past experiences.

Keywords: Health-related social needs; Person-centered care; Primary care; Relationship-centered care; Social determinants of health; Social needs screening.