Given the explosive expansion of capitated reimbursement for the services of primary care physicians, we conducted a national survey of a random sample of these practitioners to measure attitudes toward capitated payment and identify predictors of important attitudes. Descriptive, factor analytic, and regression techniques were used. The response rate was 54%. As measured by scales derived from factor analysis, perceptions were strong that capitation was costly to professional and patient relationships. Patients' access to care was perceived as slightly reduced. Actual participation in capitation attenuated feelings of lack of access but not those of capitation's costly effects. Physicians' attitudes toward capitation remain negative, but participants perceive their patients' access to appropriate care as reasonable.